what states have crime of passion laws

Drug delivery resulting in death", "RCW 9A.32.030: Murder in the first degree", "RCW 9A.32.040: Murder in the first degree Sentence", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder_in_United_States_law&oldid=1137557678, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, A public safety official, such as a police officer, firefighter, or paramedic/EMT killed, A judge or prosecutor killed (in connection with their respective duties), A witness in a criminal case killed (in connection with the person being a witness), Murder committed for hire (with the charge applying to both the murderer and the person who paid the murderer), Murder committed under organized crime (refer to RICO act), first degree: premeditated killing (punished by life imprisonment), second-degree murder was further divided into two kinds, killing while committing a felony (punished by 7 to 14 years' imprisonment), killing with an extremely reckless state of mind (punished by life imprisonment), third degree: assisting suicide, killing of an unborn child, and other acts of that nature (punished by 3 to 10 years' imprisonment), fourth degree: killing in the heat of passion, killing while committing a misdemeanour (punished by 1 to 7 years' imprisonment), fifth degree: "every other killing" that is not justifiable (punished by a maximum fine of $1,000, up to 10 years' imprisonment, or some combination of these), This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 07:32. Crime passionnel was a legal defence against murder accusations in various nations, most notably France. A person who finds his / her spouse in bed with another man or woman is a simple case. NV Rev Stat 200.030. When a murder is committed under the influence of extreme psychological or mental disturbance for which there is acceptable explanation or justification, it is lowered to manslaughter, according to Section 210.3 of the Model Penal Code. Merchant Marine in international waters and U.S. military bases worldwide. The local ordinance's passage followed two decades of efforts to redo D.C.'s crime laws. Copyright 2016, All Rights Reserved. crime of passion | Wex | US Law | LII / Legal Information See, e.g., People v. Sharma was caught when the body of a 29-year-old woman was found through an investigation of the restaurant manager. Third-degree murder and third-degree murder of an unborn child are punishable by a maximum of 40 years' imprisonment. AR Code 5-10-102. In many US jurisdictions there is a hierarchy of acts, known collectively as homicide, of which first-degree murder and felony murder are the most serious, followed by second-degree murder and, in a few states, third-degree murder, followed by voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter which are not as serious, followed by reckless homicide and negligent homicide which are the least serious, and ending finally in justifiable homicide, which is not a crime. In Pennsylvania, first-degree murder encompasses premeditated murders, second-degree murder encompasses accomplice liability, and third-degree serves as a catch-all for other murders. Those are simple assertions, but the issues of punishment and deterrence are far more complex. Murder in the first degree. Some of these incidents resulted in a two-year prison sentence for the killer in the nineteenth century. [9], If murder is committed within the borders of a state, that state has jurisdiction, and in a similar way, if the crime is committed in the District of Columbia, the D.C. Superior Court (the equivalent of a state court in the District) retains jurisdiction, though in some cases involving U.S. government property or personnel, the federal courts may have exclusive jurisdiction.[10]. In the state of Arizona, if one is found guilty of first-degree murder, there is the possibility of receiving the death penalty, life without the possibility of parole, or life. WebThe essential prerequisites for such a reduction are that the accused must be provoked to a point of great anger or rage, such that the person loses his or her normal capacity for self-control; the circumstances must be such that a reasonable person, faced with the same degree of provocation, would react in a similar manner; and finally, there It is usually done out of jealousy or anger and is committed to someone without hesitation. DC Code 222101. Sharma was sentenced to life in jail under the Code of Criminal Procedure after his case was appealed to the Supreme Court. [83] Remedies were limited to criminal penalties for the assault on the mother and tort action for loss of the anticipated economic services of the lost child, for emotional pain and suffering, or both. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Congratulations! Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg has been blasted for the citys high level of recidivism. Heat of Passion "Aggravated murder" defined. Defenses Provided in Crime of Passion Law [6] In 2019 a total of 22 people were executed,[7] and 2,652 people were on death row. Heat of passion is a criminal defendant's excuse for lacking the premeditation element of a crime due to sudden anger or heartbreak. A number of states have passed "fetal homicide" laws, making killing of a fetus murder; the laws differ about the stage of development at which the fetus is protected. Cuneyt Dil. To make this type of claim, the defendant must have committed immediately upon the outbreak of passion, with no time for thought or blood cooling. WebAlabama Crimes: Laws & Penalties Alaska Crimes: Laws & Penalties Arizona Crimes: Laws & Penalties Arkansas Crimes: Laws & Penalties California Crimes: Laws & Penalties Colorado Crimes: Laws & Penalties Connecticut Crimes: Laws & Penalties Delaware Crimes: Laws & Penalties District of Columbia Crimes: Laws & Penalties The real Jessi was unaware of this cyberlife since her mother posted her own image. DC Code 222103. It constitutes a second-degree felony. [117], Soon after statehood, Wisconsin enacted statutes repealing the common law crime of murder, creating the statutory crime of murder and dividing the statutory crime of murder into three degrees, with the third encompassing felony murder. Rates of armed robbery are the highest in Karachi, burglary rates are the highest in Peshawar, and murder rates vary between 1% and 3% across all five cities. In Missouri, the state House of Representatives has approved a bill that would effectively give Republican Governor Mike Parson control of the St. Louis police department.Last month, the same body voted to strip power from St. Louis elected prosecutor.. Is Crime of Passion a Legal Defense? | Thiessen Law Firm DE Code 633 Murder by abuse or neglect in the second degree; class B felony; 635 Murder in the second degree; class A felony. WebA minority of states and the federal government include strict liability or malum prohibitum crimes in their misdemeanor manslaughter statutes (21 O.S., 2010). Furthermore, a defendant must have been subjected to sufficient provocation in order to act in the heat of passion. He began speaking with her in the hopes of not trying to confront her, and he continued to play games with her. When a murder is committed in the heat of passion, it is done without premeditation, effectively reducing it to voluntary manslaughter. WI Stat 940.02. VA Code 18.2-32. Premeditated crime is an intentional crime. WebThe FBI defines hate crimes as criminal offense [s] against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by a persons bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity. [1] On this page, find links to articles, awards, events, publications, and multimedia related to hate crimes. Murder in the first degree; penalty. In cases where a murder involves both state and federal jurisdiction, the offender can be tried and punished separately for each crime without raising issues of double jeopardy, unless the court believes that the new prosecution is merely a "sham" forwarded by the prior prosecutor. GU Code 16.30. Premeditated crime is committed out of rage and with the intent to murder someone. Following Nanavatis return from work, Sylvia changed her behaviour, becoming indifferent and unresponsive toward him. (Paul Hammel/Nebraska Examiner) People are also reading What are Crimes Motivated By Heat of Passion - Criminal Law - LAWS.COM Abandonment Abuse Aiding & Abetting Arson Assault Battery Cyber Crime Drugs Other In India, this was a landmark case in which DNA evidence and a second autopsy were used to prove the accuseds guilt. Homicide as murder in the second degree. Crimes of Passion Crimes of Passion in PA This is one of the preventative factors recognised by the legal system when a murder sentence is reduced to voluntary manslaughter. Murder in the first degree. VA Code 18.2-31. President Biden said Thursday he would sign a GOP-led resolution to block changes to Washington, D.C.'s local criminal code that reduce maximum penalties for some violent crimes. Under the common law, an assault on a pregnant woman resulting in a stillbirth was not considered murder. 18 PA Cons Stat 2502(a). Bidens about-face on the DC crime law angers Democrats It first came from Washington in 1993 where it was passed. 19 % of LGBTQ population lives in states that do not require hate crime data collection. Murder of unborn child", "18 PA Cons Stat 1102. This was described by some commentators as a "hybrid" between the common-law felony murder rule and the civil law approach of treating an unintentional death as a "penalty-enhancer" to the punishment for the underlying felony. First Degree Murder", "MN Stat 609.195. States have had habitual offender laws and recidivist statutes for years. Second Degree Murder. In the United States, crime of passion accusations have generally been linked with defences of unsoundness of mind or provocation. WebCrime of passion is a criminal defendant's excuse for lacking the premeditation element of a crime due to sudden anger or heartbreak. Then he was given medical parole, and a year later, he was forgiven by the new Bombay Governor and Jawaharlal Nehrus sister Vijayalakshmi Pandit. A person is also guilty of first-degree murder if they cause the death of any individual during the commission of a predicate felony regardless of actual intent or premeditation. A crime of passion is one committed as a result of heartbreak or betrayal against the victim. law First-degree intentional homicide. Subsection (c) of that statute specifically prohibits prosecutions related to consented abortions and medical treatments. Pennsylvania Crimes of Passion Under Pennsylvania law, there must be an objective review of the provocative circumstances in that the act of provocation must be one that would cause such an emotional or passionate reaction to any reasonable person. He, too, went to Jessis house and shot Brian dead with three shots from a military rifle in the parking lot of Jessis house. First-degree Murder - Death penalties Exceptions Separate Hearings Proof Findings Appellate procedures Reversals. Nanavati was found guilty of murdering Ahuja and sentenced to life in prison by the High Court. Initially, Ahuja and Sylvia had a friendly connection that evolved into an illicit intimate relationship. Justifiable homicide [120] The 1988 revision of 940.03 removed the term "third-degree murder" entirely and re-entitled the section as "felony murder". Defense attorney Jim Griffin delivers closing arguments on Thursday. Murder in the second degree; penalty. ", "18 PA Con Stat 2506 (2010). Crime of passion - Wikipedia You can click on this link and join: Follow us onInstagramand subscribe to ourYouTubechannel for more amazing legal content. CT Gen Stat 53a-54b. Mugshots and/or arrest records published on this website are in no way an indication of guilt and do not represent any evidence an actual crime has been committed. Every year, 1 million people are killed as a result of violent acts, and 15% of women are injured as a result of violent acts. [101], Minnesota law originally defined third-degree murder solely as depraved-heart murder ("without intent to effect the death of any person, caus[ing] the death of another by perpetrating an act eminently dangerous to others and evincing a depraved mind, without regard for human life"). Violence against women is a universal scourge, and one that takes many forms according to the local, social, cultural, and political environment. I Defense attorney Jim Griffin delivers closing arguments on Thursday. The 3 strikes law is only really enacted in the United States. Crimes of Passion: The Definition, History, and Laws WebThe 2022 Florida Statutes (including 2022 Special Session A and 2023 Special Session B) 782.03 Excusable homicide.. Murder in the first degree, WA Rev Code 9A.32.050. Although its supporters act as if it is something new, "3 Strikes" is really just a variation on an old theme. [15] The definitions were as follows: In the 1884 Compiled Laws of New Mexico, third-degree murder included assisting a suicide ( 696), killing of an unborn child by injury to the mother ( 697), administration of abortifacient causing death of an unborn child or its mother ( 698), unintentional killing of a human being in the heat of passion in a cruel or unusual manner ( 699), and unintentional death caused by an intoxicated physician ( 701). Georgia Crime of Passion Law, Crime of Passion Law Georgia It is an example of a crime of passion. Hate crime laws, in their current form, rely on law enforcement for responding to hate crime incidents, identifying incidents as hate-motivated, collecting data, connecting victims to needed resources, and more. First degree murder. HI Rev Stat 707-701.5. Advertisement Most states have vandalism laws, but only 19 prohibit cross burning. A violent pub-goer who hits another person after an argument, or a wife who finds her husband is having an affair and attacks or murders him or his lover is an example of a crime of passion. Drug delivery resulting in death", "18 PA Con Stat 2506 (2016). In simple terms, a crime of passion or crime passionnel derived from French refers to a violent crime, particularly homicide, in which the culprit executes the act against someone out of a strong grudge, such as sudden passion, rather than as a premeditated crime. Some states, such as Florida, do not separate the two kinds of manslaughter. Murder in the second degree (Amendment effective October 1, 2017.). In the United States, the law for murder varies by jurisdiction. The claim that a crime was committed in the "heat of passion" such as assault or murder, is a defense that attacks the mens rea element of such a c In the heat of the agony, He drove immediately to his ship, took his semi-automatic revolver and six bullets, and kept them in his brown packet on the false pretax. GoLookUp does not provide consumer reports and is not a consumer reporting agency. WebThe concept of justifiable homicide in criminal law is a defense to culpable homicide (criminal or negligent homicide). A heat of passion killing is one where a person kills another in a fit of unpremeditated rage that a reasonable person would feel under the circumstances. Two of the five things relate to the impact of sentencing on deterrence Sending an individual convicted of a crime to prison isnt a very effective way to deter crime and Increasing the severity of punishment does little to deter crime.. Degrees of murder. The Mumbai Sessions Court decided that the murder of Neeraj was not planned. In my state a crime of passion is a crime committed by an otherwise reasonable person, but whose rational state of mind was not present during the The court interpreted it to fall under the fourth exemption to Section 300. Whether the crime is an act of passion, aggression or retaliation it is still a crime in the USA. The "passion" may be used as a defense to indicat Classification. WA Rev Code 9A.32.030. In Commonwealth v. Ludwig (2005), the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruled that this meant that conviction for the crime required the same element of malice as in any other third-degree murder. Rep. Pramila Jayapal, a Washington Democrat, is deeply disappointed in Bidens decision. A crime of passion might sound like something that is made up for Valentines Day, but it is an actual legal term in criminal law when a crime is committed in the heat of passion.. Both the conspirator and the murderers were given life imprisonment. Extreme violence on the defendant, for example, or the unexpected disclosure of spousal cheating, has generally been considered enough provocation. WI Stat 940.01. 775.082. It does not eliminate or reduce specific punishments related to the case. I am aware of no state which exonerates an otherwise criminal act because it was done in passion. Proving that a criminal act was done in passion m Crimes & Penalties by State [114] The common-law definition of murder as homicide "with malice aforethought" remains in force in Pennsylvania. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Crime of Passion [15], The exact statutory definition of third-degree murder is "[t]he unlawful killing of a human being, when perpetrated without any design to effect death, by a person engaged in the perpetration of, or in the attempt to perpetrate, any felony other than" nineteen enumerated categories of felonies. Reasons to Oppose "3 Strikes, You're It faced immediate criticism from Republicans, who have hammered Democrats as soft on crime in recent years. Murder in the first degree. By definition, a crime is illegal. Those convicted will also receive a strike on their criminal record, and fines of up to $10,000. This criterion denies the defence to individuals who kill for revenge or for reasons irrelevant to the provocation. The information available on our website may not be 100% accurate, complete, or up to date, so do not use it as a substitute for your own due diligence, especially if you have concerns about a person's criminal history. Murder of the first degree. NE Rev Stat 28-303 (2017). DC conflict reflects wider efforts undermining local control In 1955, a 14 year old boy by the name of Emmett Till walked into a grocery store in Mississippi. Till was from Chicago, And was not used to the Cu He drove to Ahmednagar at night. If a man shot his ex-wife in a furious rage because he discovered her cheating on him with another man, it would be a crime of passion is an example of crime of passion. You have entered an incorrect email address! The police came and were aware of the fact of a love triangle on the internet. he started to lose his touch with reality. A few months later, the Supreme Court overruled the Governors decision, and Nanavati was imprisoned. NY PEN 125.25. Mitigated deliberate homicide. In 1956, Agniks, a mutual friend of Nanavati and Prem Ahuja, died (victim). In the state of Massachusetts, a conviction of first-degree murder can result in life imprisonment, while voluntary manslaughter carries a lesser 20 year prison sentence. If a serial killer is found guilty with aggravating circumstances, for example killing someone with torture or killing a stranger with no apparent motive, then the state can seek the death penalty or a sentence of life without parole.[108]. First and second degree murder defined; punishment. Degrees of murder; penalties. Standard of Proof for a PFA PFA Dismissal Prior History in a PFA Defending Against a PFA Philadelphia County Berks County Bucks County Carbon County Chester County Delaware County Lancaster County Lehigh County Monroe County Montgomery County Northampton County Dauphin County Schuylkill County Lebanon County Luzerne Consider reading the above if you want to know what does the crime of passion mean. have The state of Hawaii has no death penalty. There are differences between crimes of passion, which are frequently impulsive and executed by and against both genders, and honour murders, which are usually intentional, well-planned, and premeditated acts whereby a person kills a female relative certainly to protect his honour. During the 1940s and 1950s, it was employed as a defence in murder trials. Five states Arkansas, Indiana, South Carolina, Utah, and Wyoming do not have anti-hate crime laws. SD Codified Laws 22-16-7. Heat of passion defense is used to negate the element of malice in a murder prosecution. At minimum, they will face a sentence of 25 years-to-life in prison, and thus must serve at least 25 years before being eligible for parole. The Crime of Passion Law in Mississippi The WebA crime of passion (French: crime passionnel), in popular usage, refers to a violent crime, especially homicide, in which the perpetrator commits the act against someone because Murder in the 1st degree. The former was denominated as the lesser crime of manslaughter.8 Today it remains a lesser crime than murder in Eng-land,9 49 of the 50 states in this country,'0 and in other portions of the world." GoLookUp does not make any representation or warranty about the accuracy of the information available through our website or about the character or integrity of the person about whom you inquire. In the case of a crime of passion, courts usually reduce the sentence that they give, from murder to manslaughter. When Nanavati approaches Sylvia on April 27, 1959, she confesses being in love with and having an affair with Ahuja. Abrupt, impulsive, and planned acts of violence performed by individuals who have come face to face with an incident undesirable to them and who are made incapable of self-control for the time of the act, according to the Canadian Development of Justice. Murder in the second degree. Murder with special circumstances. In many US jurisdictions there is a hierarchy of acts, known collectively as homicide, of which first-degree murder and felony murder are the most serious, followed by second-degree murder and, in a few states, third-degree murder, followed by voluntary manslaughter and involuntary manslaughter Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg has been blasted for the citys high level of recidivism. In 1949, he married Sylvia in a registry office in Portsmouth, England. Congressman Daniel Sickles of New York utilised this defence for the first time in 1859. MN Statutes 609.195 Murder in the third degree. [8], The federal Unborn Victims of Violence Act, enacted in 2004 and codified at 18 U.S. Code 1841,[9] allows for a fetus to be treated as victims in crimes. [93][94][15], Second-degree murder is depraved-heart murder; third-degree murder is felony murder where the underlying felony is not one of the enumerated felonies falling under first-degree felony murder. If a crime is not committed within any state, then federal jurisdiction is exclusive, for example vessels of the U.S. Navy or the U.S. WebAn included crime may be any of the following: (1) A crime which does not require proof of any fact in addition to those which must be proved for the crime charged. Victims Rights Law AR Code 5-10-103. [105], Minnesota law also defines the crime of third-degree murder of an unborn child, with the same elements of depraved mind and lack of intent to kill distinguishing it from first- or second-degree murder of an unborn child. In either jurisdiction, Judge Roger Benitez investigated after girl handcuffed The Case was filed against K.M. OK Stat 21-701.7. A conviction for third-degree murder does not require intent to kill as in first-degree murder, but it still requires malice. The provocation for the crime of passion must be sufficient to awaken the passions of a sensible man. Boston is continuing to report falling trends for several key COVID metrics, an encouraging sign as state health officials on Thursday reported a 13% drop in new virus cases. But now it is classified as a type of second-degree murder crime in Colorado. WebHeat of Passion Law and Legal Definition. [118] However, the maximum sentence remained the same 40 years' imprisonment as for third-degree murder. Murder in the second degree. California has developed standards that include a subjective factor. MN Statutes 609.19 Murder in the second degree. Provocation can be used as a partial defence to manslaughter because, while it does not totally acquit the offender, it can reduce the severity of the offence and hence the corresponding punishment. ID Statutes 18-4003. "Life imprisonment" is a common penalty for first-degree murder, but its meaning varies widely. MD Code 2-201. The crime of passion will be described in a larger perspective as follows. WebIt is sometimes called the "Law of Texas" since juries in that state are supposedly lenient to cuckolded lovers who wreak their own vengeance. 125.25 Murder in the second-degree", "Alabama Code Title 13A (Criminal Code), Chapter 6 (Offences Involving Danger to the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "Alaska Statutes Title 11 (Criminal Law), Chapter 41 (Offenses Against the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "American Samoa Code Annotated, Title 46 (Criminal Justice), Chapter 35 (Offenses Against the Person)", "Arizona Revised Statutes Title 13 (Criminal Code), Chapter 11 (Homicide)", "Arkansas Code Title 5 (Criminal Offenses), Subtitle 2 (Offenses Against The Person), Chapter 10 (Homicide)", "California Penal Code, Part 1 (Of Crimes and Punishments), Title 8 (Offenses Against the Person), Chapter 1 (Homicide)", "Colorado Revised Statutes, Title 18 (Criminal Code), Article 3 (Offenses Against the Person), Part 1 (Homicide and Related Offenses)", "Connecticut General Statutes, Title 53a (Penal Code), Chapter 952 (Penal Code: Offenses), Part VI (Homicide)", "Delaware Code, Title 11 (Crimes and Criminal Procedure), Chapter 5 (Specific Offenses), Subchapter II (Offenses Against the Person), Part B (Acts Causing Death)", "Code of the District of Columbia, Title 22 (Criminal Offenses and Penalties), Chapter 21 (Murder; Manslaughter)", "Florida Statutes 2017, Title XLVI (Crimes), Chapter 782 (Homicide)", "Georgia Code, Title 16 (Crimes and Offenses), Chapter 5 (Crimes Against the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "Guam Code Annotated, Title 9 (Crimes & Corrections), Chapter 16 (Criminal Homicide)", "Hawaii Revised Statutes, Division 5 (Crimes and Criminal Proceedings), Title 37 (Hawaii Penal Code), Chapter 707 (Offenses Against the Person), Part II (Criminal Homicide)", "Idaho Statutes, Title 18 (Crimes and Punishments), Chapter 40 (Homicide)", "(720 ILCS 5/) Criminal Code of 2012, Title III (Specific Offenses), Part B (Offenses Directed Against the Person), Article 9 (Homicide)", "Indiana Code, Title 35 (Criminal Law and Procedure), Article 42 (Offenses Against the Person), Chapter 1 (Homicide)", "Iowa Code 2018, Title XVI (Criminal Law and Procedure), Chapter 707 (Homicide and Related Crimes)", "Kansas Statutes, Chapter 21 (Crimes and Punishments), Article 54 (Crimes Against Persons)", "2017 Kentucky Code, Title L (Kentucky Penal Code), Chapter 507 (Criminal Homicide)", "Louisiana Revised Statutes, Title 14 (Criminal Law), Part II (Offenses Against the Person), Subpart A (Homicide)", "Maine Revised Statutes, Title 17-A (Maine Criminal Code), Chapter 9 (Offenses Against the Person)", "2016 Maryland Code, Criminal Law, Title 2 (Homicide), Subtitle 2 (Murder and Manslaughter)", "Massachusetts General Laws, Part IV (Crimes, Punishments and Proceedings in Criminal Cases), Title I (Crimes and Punishments), Chapter 265 (Crimes Against the Person), Section 1 (Murder Defined)", "Michigan Compiled Laws, Chapter 750 (Michigan Penal Code), Chapter XLV (Homicide)", "2017 Minnesota Statutes, Chapter 609 (Criminal Code)", "2016 Mississippi Code, Title 97 (Crimes), Chapter 3 (Crimes Against the Person)", "Missouri Revised Statutes, Title XXXVII (Crimes and Punishment; Peace Officers and Public Defenders), Chapter 565 (Offenses Against the Person)", "Montana Code Annotated 2017, Title 45 (Crimes), Chapter 5 (Offenses Against the Person), Part 1 (Homicide)", "2017 Nebraska Revised Statutes, Chapter 28 (Crimes and Punishments)", "Nevada Revised Statutes, Title 15 (Crimes and Punishments), Chapter 200 (Crimes Against the Person), Part 1 (Homicide)", "New Hampshire Statutes, Title LXII (Criminal Code), Chapter 630 (Homicide)", "New Jersey Statutes, Title 2A (The New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice), Chapter 11", "2016 New Mexico Statutes, Chapter 30 (Criminal Offenses), Article 2 (Homicide)", "New York Penal Code, Part 3 (Specific Offenses), Title H (Offenses Against the Person Involving Physical Injury, Sexual Conduct, Restraint and Intimidation), Article 125 (Homicide, Abortion and Related Offenses)", "North Carolina General Statutes, Chapter 14 (Criminal Law)", "North Dakota Code, Title 12.1 (Criminal Code), Chapter 12.1-16 (Homicide)", "Commonwealth Code, Title 6 (Crimes and Criminal Procedure), Division 1 (Crimes Against the Person), Chapter 1 (Homicide)", "Oklahoma Statutes 2017, Title 21 (Crimes and Punishments)", "2017 Oregon Revised Statutes, Volume 04 (Criminal Procedure, Crimes), Chapter 163 (Offenses Against Persons)", "Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses), Article B (Offenses Involving Danger to the Person), Chapter 25 (Criminal Homicide)", "Rhode Island General Laws, Title 11 (Criminal Offenses), Chapter 11-23 (Homicide)", "South Carolina Code of Laws, Title 16 (Crimes and Offenses), Chapter 3 (Offenses Against the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "South Dakota Codified Laws, Title 22 (Crimes), Chapter 22-16 (Homicide and Suicide)", "2016 Tennessee Code, Title 39 (Criminal Offenses), Chapter 13 (Offenses Against the Person), Part 2 (Criminal Homicide)", "Texas Penal Code, Title 5 (Offenses Against the Person), Chapter 19 (Criminal Homicide)", "Utah Code, Title 76 (Utah Criminal Code), Chapter 5 (Offenses Against the Person), Part 2 (Criminal Homicide)", "2017 Vermont Statutes, Title 13 (Crimes and Criminal Procedure), Chapter 53 (Homicide)", "Code of Virginia, Title 18.2 (Crimes and Offenses Generally), Chapter 4 (Crimes Against the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "Revised Code of Washington, Title 9A (Washington Criminal Code), Chapter 9A.32 (Homicide)", "West Virginia Code, Chapter 61 (Crimes and Their Punishment), Article 2 (Crimes Against the Person)", "Wisconsin Statutes, Chapter 940 (Crimes Against Life and Bodily Security), Subchapter 1 (Life)", "2016 Wyoming Code, Title 6 (Crimes and Offenses), Chapter 2 (Offenses Against the Person), Article 1 (Homicide)", "President Bush Signs Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2004", "13-1105 First-degree murder; classification", "Florida Statutes, Sec. 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