how does flak ammunition work

The combination of these three inventions was successful in shooting down many V-1 flying bombs aimed at London and Antwerp, otherwise difficult targets for anti-aircraft guns due to their small size and high speed. Wide vertical pin back with a c-catch. What is the black smoke coming out of the shells? When an 88 shell hit directly, it often completely destroyed a bomber. Incendiary ammunition - Wikipedia [31] Tuve claimed that despite being pleased by the outcome of the Butement et al. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. (LogOut/ It was more of a gun-assisting radar with limited capabilities. If the amplified beat frequency signal's amplitude was large enough, indicating a nearby object, then it triggered the fourth tube a gas-filled thyratron. Therefore, their speed is much lower and this makes them less dangerous to those on the ground. Blank ammunition, used in training and for salutes, has a paper, wax, or plastic wad or pellet in place of the bullet. We grilled Donald Nijboer author of Flak in World War II, about the dreaded flak. How much is it worth today? [9] Tuve's group was known as Section T, not APL, throughout the war. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Nevertheless, it did a good job of stopping shell blasts, rocket fragments, and slow speed bullets fired at a moderate range. ARTICLES. . I know that UT weapons aren't supposed to be something realistic, but if someone wanted to analyze for example the flak cannon, how would it do all the stuff it is supposed to do? There were a few that were specifically armoured like the Russian Il-2 and German Hs 129 ground attack aircraft to withstand light flak hits. With their moderate rate of fire, and typically inexpensive ammunition, they can make for good defensive weapons. [11] [12] Over 100 American companies were mobilized to build some 20 million shell fuzes. The Army was suddenly extremely interested in the topic of radar, and sent Butement and Pollard to Bawdsey to form what became known as the "Army Cell". [8] With a proximity fuze, the shell or missile need only pass close by the target at some time during its flight. The 20mm caliber is a specific size of cannon or autocannon ammunition. The Flakpanzer 341 is armed with 2 37mm FlaK 44 cannons side by side in the turret. By 1942 the standard loading for fixed .303s was half loaded with AP and half with incendiary bullets. The versatile 88mm cannon was Nazi Germany's main heavy anti-aircraft gun, also known as the Flugabwehrkanone (meaning "aircraft defense cannon"), which was soon shortened to "flak." On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The B Mark VI incendiary bullets were first issued in June 1940 and tested operationally in the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire in the air battles over Dunkirk. Eine andere -Site. It is estimated that it increases the lethality by 5 to 10 times, compared to these other fuzes.[4][5]. As the shell approaches a reflecting object, an interference pattern is created. Personal thoughts on it:Probably the cannon works with some sort of a pneumatic contraption. It took away from the narrative of how successful the Allied bombing campaign was and the heavy price they paid. By 1944, a large proportion of the American electronics industry concentrated on making the fuzes. That means the fuse was outperforming traditional rounds three to one in routine combat conditions. Prototype fuzes were then constructed in June 1940, and installed in "unrotated projectiles", the British cover name for solid-fueled rockets, and fired at targets supported by balloons. A timer fuze can be set to explode a few meters above the ground but the timing is vital and usually requires observers to provide information for adjusting the timing. The three drones were destroyed with just four projectiles.[9][42]. With the invention of Jet fighters, he explained to me that the flak guns had become obsolete so they had to be repurposed. U.S. Army & Marine Ammo Loads During WWII - Battle Order The story of flak in World War II is one of those forgotten stories of World War II. Unreal Tournament is a series of multiplayer first person shooters made by Epic Games. Ammunition - Official Foxhole Wiki This gun served as the main armament of the Tiger I heavy tank. Press J to jump to the feed. A ship's propeller rotating in water produces a powerful hydroacoustic noise which can be picked up using a hydrophone and used for homing and detonation. In December of that year the British Air Ministry purchased the design. Getting that right was harder than you would think with the limited means of getting the planes altitude and speed right and they would only have a few minutes at most to do so. Optical sensing was developed in 1935, and patented in the United Kingdom in 1936, by a Swedish inventor, probably Edward W. Brandt, using a petoscope. [34][37][38] The use of the Doppler effect developed by this group was later incorporated in all radio proximity fuzes for bomb, rocket, and mortar applications. Firing Coilguns draws power from connected Supercapacitors, as well as ammunition . Ignition is often delayed by varying means until after impact. (in an allied country). Please see ooredoo . In 1944 the number of 128mm rounds per aircraft shootdown was 3,000, less than one-fifth the number expended by its 88mm counterpart. 4. Proximity fuzes are designed for targets such as planes, missiles, ships at sea, and ground forces. [55], At first the fuzes were only used in situations where they could not be captured by the Germans. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. This pattern changes with shrinking distance: every half wavelength in distance (a half wavelength at this frequency is about 0.7meters), the transmitter is in or out of resonance. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Like infantry it's worth noting that air burst rounds work on the same basic principle as flak and are used by mortars, artillary, etc. In this video, you'll find out the percentages of where Allied bombers got hit the most. ELI5: How does flak ammo work and why is it only used against - reddit The gun is the most visible part, but the whole system must work well to make the gun effective. It was from the cannon shells and incendiary bullets that had hit my machineBullets were going between my legs, and I remember seeing a bright flash of an incendiary bullet going past my leg into the gas tankThen a little red tongue licked out inquiringly from under the gas tank in front of my feet and became a hot little bonfire in one corner of the cockpit.". [39] It was not a fuze for anti-aircraft shells, the most valuable type. Flash Sale. The figure of 16,000 rounds of German 88mm ammunition being required to shoot down a heavy bomber is often quoted to show just how wasteful and ineffective antiaircraft fire really was. fine for not having a boat licence qld; cherokee brick products Feb 19, 2014 Jack Beckett, Guest Author. To work in shells, a fuze needed to be miniaturized, survive the high acceleration of cannon launch, and be reliable. "[32], A key improvement was introduced by Lloyd Berkner, who developed a system using separate transmitter and receiver circuits. If the Luftwaffe had this shell the Allied bombing campaign would have been far more costly, or stopped altogether. @JeremyECrawford already have a question. amtifo backup camera troubleshooting. They were not nearly as effective at puncturing bomber aircraft as armor-piercing bullets, but were far more effective than standard bullets because they could also ignite fuel if they came into contact with a fuel tank or pipeline. How do flares and flare guns work? - Explain that Stuff [61], Bombs and rockets fitted with radio proximity fuzes were in limited service with both the USAAF and USN at the end of WW2. Also eventually pulled in were researchers from the National Bureau of Standards (this research unit of NBS later became part of the Army Research Laboratory). CAMP PENDLETON MARINE BASE - 40 Photos & 11 Reviews - Yelp If either is wrong, then even accurately aimed shells may explode harmlessly before reaching the target or after passing it. Proximity fuzes are designed for targets such as planes, missiles, ships at sea, and ground forces. Best 9mm Ammo For Beretta 92FS | AmmoForSale.com The placement of the slug magazine on the weapon doesn't make any sense even there unfortunatly. What does cholera look like under a microscope? These early forms were also known as "smoke tracers" because of this. The amplitude of the reflected signal corresponded to the closeness of the target. [38], While working for a defense contractor in the mid-1940s, Soviet spy Julius Rosenberg stole a working model of an American proximity fuze and delivered it to Soviet intelligence. Flak damaged tens of thousands of bombers. [37] These tests included low- and high-temperature tests, humidity tests, and sudden jolt tests. Flak as we know it ( the exploding ordinance variety ) works by using fuses. [48] Testing also occurred at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, where about 15,000 bombs were fired. 8,8 cm Kw K 36 (L/56) Information about the 8,8 cm Kw K 35 (L/56). Thousands of aircraft were shot down, and tens of thousands were damaged, not to mention the horrendous cost in lives and those wounded. It was so important that it was a secret guarded to a similar level as the atom bomb project or D-Day invasion. [26][27], Looking for a short-term solution to the valve problem, in 1940 the British ordered 20,000 miniature tubes from Western Electric Company and Radio Corporation of America that were intended for use in hearing aids. So the changing phase relationship between the oscillator signal and the reflected signal complicated the measurement of the amplitude of that small reflected signal. When an 88mm projectile exploded at altitude, it sent out jagged Additionally, this Quora page has a lot of good info and graphics explaining the use and necessity of this same fragmentation principle in air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles. The largest artillery pieces employed by the Army against Axis forces was the M1 240mm howitzer, which could fire 360-pound shell out to a range of 23,000 meters (14.3 miles). Thank you. Before then, they always return false. All of this in one go, it would not be possible to do it like it is shown ingame. Most Allied bombers and fighters were armoured against fighter attack, but not flak. Notes. Welcome to WWII Forums! Facing flak over 'RSS illiterate' remark, Kumar Vishwas issues clarification,In a video, Kumar Vishwas said that he was talking about a boy who works in his office and, coincidentally, is also an RSS worker. The famous flak gun became one of the most feared anti-tank weapons of the Second World War, serving everywhere from the sands of North Africa to the snowy wastelands of the Russian front. [1] Incendiary bullets called "Buckingham" ammunition were supplied to early British night fighters for use against military zeppelins threatening the British Isles. The designation VT means variable time. The B Mark VI incendiary bullet was packed with nitrocellulose, and a small steel ball was placed in the tip of the bullet to ensure that the chemical exploded on impact. Flak as we know it ( the exploding ordinance variety ) works by using fuses. flak vest: [noun] a special jacket that is worn by soldiers, police officers, etc., for protection against bullets or exploding shells. There are currently 3 Camps in the game: Camp Liberty, Vanguard Division, and Martyrs Watch. Shorter barrel, a little less velocity, and a good bit more stress on hollow point performance through barriers. [10], The National Defense Research Committee assigned the task to the physicist Merle A. Tuve at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Ammunition- Ammo, Rifles, Shells | Dunham's Sports When the flak batteries pinpointed an aircraft the guns were fired in salvos designed to burst in a sphere of 60 yards in diameter in which it was hoped to entrap the target. Observers may not be practical in many situations, the ground may be uneven, and the practice is slow in any event. All of these earlier methods have disadvantages. A common form used in modern air-to-air weapons uses a laser as an optical source and time-of-flight for ranging. One-Handed Flail The flail is a medieval weapon that's instantly familiar. university of phoenix alumni license plate frame. However, as the bullet had to be made by hand rather than mass-produced, Major C. Aubrey Dixon of the British Royal Arsenal at Woolwich developed a greatly improved bullet with similar incendiary capabilities. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. I suppose some of how a flak battery worked will be in the book but I became interested after seeing site/foundations for a flak battery which still existed in a park in my home town. The Germans used flak guns against the 82nd and allied infantry during the battles in the Ardenne. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". A particularly successful application was the 90mm shell with VT fuze with the SCR-584 automatic tracking radar and the M-9 electronic fire control computer. Who does the voice of Vanessa on Phineas and Ferb? Step 1: Loading. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The 88 earned its reputation as the best overall gun of the war. "[27][30] As Tuve understood, the circuitry of the fuze was rudimentary. against light targets such as infantry and non-armored vehicles. By the summer of 1941 the Germans introduced their Wurzburg gun laying radar.. They lacked the guns, effective radar, and the cooperation between the Army and Navy was terrible. Advanced Cannons and some simple weapons use custom shells designed by players through Ammo Controllers and customisers. [37] Other locations include Ft. Fisher in North Carolina and Blossom Point, Maryland. 50 Rounds of 115gr FMJ 9mm Ammo by Winchester. All of this in one go, it would not be possible to do it like it is shown ingame. Several ideas had been considered, including optical systems that shone a light, sometimes infrared, and triggered when the reflection reached a certain threshold, various ground-triggered means using radio signals, and capacitive or inductive methods similar to a metal detector. It would have defended an airbase about 5 miles away and could have protected the city proper about the same distance away but over water. You are at a gateway to WWII discussion, research, exploration, & analysis. While it doesn't do as much damage per shot as the Longneck (165 damage compared to the Longneck's 280) it can be fired 8 times before needing to be reloaded. Front shows a flak 88 artillery gun in the center with a German eagle clutching a swastika in his talons at the top. [33] Later, the Ordnance Development Division of the National Bureau of Standards (which became the Harry Diamond Laboratories and later merged into the Army Research Laboratory in honor of its former chief in subsequent years) developed the first automated production techniques for manufacturing radio proximity fuzes at a low cost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrapnel_shell. Soviet artillery and tanks weren't able to penetrate the huge concrete tower, allowing the Germans to keep shooting. Shell Guide - Official From the Depths Wiki In-Store Only. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". [64] [65], During WW2, the Germans had at least five acoustic fuzes for anti-aircraft use under development, though none saw operational service. The obvious choice would be the Luftwaffes AA defenses, but I would point to the US Navys development of the VT fuse or radar equipped proximity fuse. When the reflected signal was in phase, the oscillator amplitude would increase and the oscillator's plate current would also increase. Flak-How does it truly work? | WWII Forums So, why was the 8.8 FLAK in WW2 used by german troops against tanks? In World War II, how did 'flak' work? - Quora Welcome to the WWII Forums! Doppler Radar was able to detect how close objects are to the radio wave source. The US found that flak that was high generally caused some damage to bombers but was far less likely to shoot them down than flak that was low. This was only partially true. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. They showered the Soviets with aa guns, keeping them in a position. Due to the forward speed of the bomber, bombs fitted with pressure detonators would all explode at about the same height above ground along a horizontal trajectory. As the missile passes its target some of the energy strikes the target and is reflected to the missile, where detectors sense it and detonate the warhead. [14][15][16] Adm. Lewis L. Strauss wrote that, .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, One of the most original and effective military developments in World War II was the proximity, or 'VT', fuze. Like its World War II namesake, the Flakpanzer 38 (t), the Gepard was based on the hull of an existing tank. [25] Pye's research was transferred to the United States as part of the technology package delivered by the Tizard Mission when the United States entered the war. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. In World War II how did flak work - Occupation Pride Flak: myth versus reality with Donald Nijboer | Hush-Kit UT 99 has a pickup animation for the flak cannon that shows how the round is loaded into the barrel. The original flak jackets were nothing more than nylon vests with steel plates sewn inside.Nov 12, 2004. Each gun, usually of 88mm caliber, could project a shell to 20,000ft and could knock out an aircraft within 30 yards of the shell burst. No wonder they abbreviated it.). Which aircraft type could withstand the most damage? This is due to the same effect. Ammunition available: HE-T, HE-I, HEI-T, AP-T, Minengescho, Stielgranate It examines heavy flak defences, flak over the battlefield, the failure of ship AA defences early in the war; specifically the Bismarck and the sinking of the Prince of Wales and Repulse in 1941, AA . How the heck does/would the flak cannon work : r/unrealtournament They're running out of ammunition. Both are surrounded by an oval oak leaf wreath. Due to the increase of people asking what kind of shell they should use with their gun that has X and Y stats, here is a guide to help you pick. This allowed for aiming at night and in bad weather.. [17], The fuze was later found to be able to detonate artillery shells in air bursts, greatly increasing their anti-personnel effects.[18]. how does flak ammunition work 8,8 cm Flak 18, 36, and 37 - Panzerworld The shell bursts at the appropriate height above ground. <br /> Marines christened their new recruit "Reckless" for the work she would do in resupplying recoilless rifles, known as "reckless rifles" in Marine jargon. Empyrion - Galactic Survival > General Discussions > Topic Details. Any analysis that does not examine all components of the system, and acknowledge that interference with any part of it can sharply reduce its effectiveness, is incomplete. Second World War Weapons That Failed | Imperial War Museums A cartridge for a shotgun is called a shell. While smaller shells without fuzes will need to actually hit the aircraft to damage it, most all other AAA will have some type of fuzing. According to 5e designer Jeremy Crawford, " Bonuses stack, unless a feature or item tells you otherwise. Note here that the amplitude of this low frequency 'beat' signal corresponds to the amplitude of the signal reflected from the target. But what about people. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. A proximity fuze (or fuse[1][2][3]) is a fuze that detonates an explosive device automatically when the distance to the target becomes smaller than a predetermined value. Though deadly, the effective range of these bullets was only 350 yards (320 m), as the phosphorus charge burned quickly. Publicado el junio 1, 2022 por junio 1, 2022 por Finally the shot would be grabbed by the "grabbing things" (the heck are they called) you see on the moving barrel. They suggested the system would be useful for the coast artillery units, who could accurately measure the range to shipping even at night. This is the standard high-explosive type ordnance initially designed for the German 88mm FlaK cannons in the early period of WW2, and then successfully used by the later tank KwK.36 cannons too, in the period 1933-45. I can't remember where I read it now but in the early days of World War Two, the British Air Ministry was deluged with well-meaning crackpot ideas. Flak is basically a cannon that launches a shell up in the air, in the path of the airplane, and the shell explodes when it gets up there, sending pellets in all directions, hopefully hitting the airplane nearby, like in that graphic. US $63.98. High explosive with a pressed in pyrotechnic tracer self destruct cap, hexogen filled, impact only fuze. Rocker Rod Stewart: 'If the Ukrainians Lose It's the End of I once interviewed a WWII flak veteran, who talked about how they used their cannons against enemy infantry and soon, that became a more common use of their cannons than actually firing at airplanes. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. But that number is misleading. In Germany, more than 30 (perhaps as many as 50)[19] different proximity fuze designs were developed, or researched, for anti-aircraft use, but none saw service. Items that can be anointed include weapons, shields, and grenade mods. Make a 1:1 scale print and you will shurely understand why this cartridge type deserves all due respect. The Browning M2 .50 Caliber Machine Gun, Heavy barrel is an automatic, recoil operated, air-cooled machine gun with adjustable headspace and is crew transportable with limited amounts of . Ammo - Global wiki. Wargaming.net And any flak that comes his way for winding up any opponents doesn't bother him, nor secretly please him, too much. That is exac. Across the U.S. Army and Marine Corps, the initial combat load was intended to be carried in the M1923 Cartridge Belt. how does flak ammunition work - marconasedkin.de . Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Flak can refer to criticism or worse, explosive shells from an antiaircraft weapon. Furthermore, they were required to carry written orders on their person when engaging these targets. Flakpanzer 341 - War Thunder Wiki Upon being triggered, the thyratron conducted a large current that set off the electrical detonator. The first time incendiary ammunition was widely used was in World WarI, more specifically in 1916. Much feared by military aircrew, flak blew thousands of aeroplanes from the sky across the 20th century. All aircraft were susceptible to flak. Question about German 3.7cm - Ask the experts - War Thunder Well, it's been 5 years and the devs STILL haven't been able to match/list what ammunition fits which weapons in the constructor or on the description, so once again we need to rely on each other to do what they can . After the war, the British Bombing Survey Unit (BBSU) continued this line of thinking describing German AA defences as plentiful but not very lethal. At the same time the official RAF history of the air war estimated that German flak accounted for 37 percent of Bomber Commands losses between July 1942 and April 1945. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Is Wolfram|Alpha just an online equation solver. It examines heavy flak defences, flak over the battlefield, the failure of ship AA defences early in the war; specifically the Bismarck and the sinking of the Prince of Wales and Repulse in 1941, AA defences against the worlds first cruise missile (V-1), right up to the human guided missile that was the kamikaze in the Pacific., I was inspired after reading Edward B. Westermanns book Flak: German Anti-Aircraft Defenses 1914-1945. 2 Answers. Flak is defined as the bursting shells shot at aircraft from enemy guns on the ground, or criticism or opposition. Golf Equipment Donation Request, How To Ungroup Emails In Outlook Web App, Articles H